Examinando por Materia "Arthropods"

Mostrando 1 - 6 de 6
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    Arthropods in necromass of two rosette plants species in different successional stages of Andean Páramo.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2016-06-30) Eraso Puentes, Laura P.; Amarillo Suárez, Ángela R.; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    The paramos have been affected by landscape changes related to anthropogenic practices to establish rural settlements and farming. Such transformation has produced areas at different successional stages, mixed with natural vegetation. Frailejones are a species of plant very successful in the paramos, and an ideal model to the understanding of the processes of regeneration of communities. Because arthropods are key players in the variety of ecological processes in these communities, the taxonomic and functional diversity of artropofauna associated to the necromass of Espeletia argentea and E. grandiflora, were compared emphasizing in Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, in a not transformed area and two areas at different successional stages in the Cruz Verde paramo (Colombia). The highest richness, abundance and diversity of arthropods were found in E. argentea in the not transformed area. There were highly significant differences between the abundance of individuals established in the three study areas and in the two species of frailejon. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera had the higher diversity in E. argentea in the not transformed area. Coleoptera showed highly significant differences in the abundance of individuals by morphotypes. Meanwhile such differences were not found for Hymenoptera. Studies like this permit a better comprehension of the insect-plant interactions and its relationship with the transformation of the Andean paramo.
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    Bottom-up effects on arthropod communities in Platycyamus regnellii (Fabaceae) fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Fernandes de Souza, Gezilene; Demolin Leite, Germano Leão; Souza Silva, Farley William; Arruda Sampaio, Regynaldo; Silva, Júlia Letícia; Texeira, Gustavo Leal; Alvarenga Soares, Marcus; Cola Zanuncio, José; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Sewage sludge is a nitrogen-rich organic compound, which can be used to aid development in plants such as Platycyamus regnellii (Fabaceae), in the recovery of degraded areas. This study aimed to assess the bottom-up effects on leaf mass and percentage of ground cover (leaf litter, herbaceous plants, and grasses) in P. regnellii trees fertilized (or not) with dehydrated sewage sludge and arthropod communities over 24 months. Platycyamus regnellii trees fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge presented significantly more leaves per branch, branches per tree, and a higher percentage of ground cover compared to unfertilized trees. Phenacoccus sp. (Pseudococcidae) was the most abundant phytophagous insect associated with P. regnellii trees. Fertilization did not affect the abundance, diversity, and species richness of Hemiptera phytophagous on P. regnellii trees. However, fertilized trees presented higher abundance and species richness of trophobiont-tending ants compared to unfertilized trees, with Camponotus sp. being the most abundant regardless of the treatment. Fertilized P. regnellii trees also presented higher species richness of natural enemies compared to unfertilized ones, with Aranae and Dolichopodidae being the most abundant. We concluded that fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge improved P. regnellii trees leaf mass and ground cover and increased the diversity of trophobiont-tending ants and natural enemies. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the arthropods community associated with this tree species. This suggests that upon fertilization, P. renellii trees are useful for ecological restoration in severely disturbed areas.
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    Depredadores de escarabajos de la corteza (Coleoptera) en la región de Balikesir de Turquía.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2018-12-31) Huseyin Cebeci, Haci; Baydemir, Mustafa; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad de los depredadores de los escarabajos de la corteza en los bosques de coníferas de la provincia de Balıkesir en Turquía. Se establecieron seis parcelas que contenían cinco trampas de feromonas y dos trampas de troncos. Se encontraron ocho especies de depredadores de escarabajos de corteza: Aulonium ruficorne (Olivier, 1790), Clerus mutillarius Fabricius 1775, Corticeus fraxini (Kugelann, 1794), Paromalus parallelepipedus (Herbst, 1792), Platysoma elongatum (Thunberg, 1782), Raphidia ophiopsis Linnaeus 1758, Temnochila caerulea (Olivier, 1790) y Thanasimus formicarius (Linnaeus, 1758), pertenecientes a seis familias: Cleridae, Trogossitidae, Laemophloeidae, Tenebrionidae, Zopheridae, Histeridae, Raphidiidae. También se describe en cuáles galerías de escarabajos se encontraban estos depredadores.
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    Efecto acaricida de siete extractos de plantas brasileñas.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2018-07-08) Teixeira Pinto, Zeneida; Ferreira Carneiro, Juliana; Carriço, César; Leal Caetano, Rebecca; Baia Ferreira, Vítor dos Santos; Martins Mendonça, Paloma; Rangel Berenger, Ana Luiza; Figueiredo, Maria Raquel; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Esta investigación se llevó a cabo para evaluar los efectos de los extractos de Rheedia longifolia (Clusiaceae), Garcinia xanthochymus (Clusiaceae), Plumbago scandens (Plumbaginaceae) Hovenia dulcis (Rhamnaceae), Malpighia glabra (Malpighiaceae), Euphorbia tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae) y Nerium adelfa (Apocynaceae) sobre la tasa incubación de los huevos de Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens y Ripicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) en concentraciones de 1.000 ppm. Los extractos de R. longifolia, H. dulcis, M. glabra y E. tirucalli retrasaron significativamente la incubación de los huevos de R. sanguineus en tres días, pero los grupos tratados con los extractos de G. xanthochymus y P. scandens eclosionaron después de 14 días. Para las garrapatas D. (A.) nitens, los extractos de H. dulcis y N. adelfa retrasaron la eclosión de los huevos durante tres días, sin embargo, la acción de los extractos de R. longifolia, G. xanthochymus, P. scandens y E. tirucalli causó un retraso mayor de siete días. Para los dos tipos de garrapatas, los huevos del grupo control tardaron un día para eclosionar. Los extractos H. dulcis y M. glabra fueron eficaces in vitro en huevos de R. sanguineus (89 %) y D. (A.) nitens (100 %) y se pueden considerar como candidatos potenciales para el control biológico de estas garrapatas.
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    Effect of climatic factors, plant varieties, and planting densities on arthropod dynamics in rice crops in Yopal - Casanare, Colombia.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Obregon, Diana; Hernández Guzmán, Francisco Javier; Ríos Moyano, Diana Katherinne; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    The diversity and population dynamics of the arthropods present in rice crops under dry and irrigated planting systems were evaluated, with two rice varieties (Fedearroz 174 and Fedearroz 733), and in three planting densities (60, 100, and 180 kg/ha) in relation to different climatic variables. For specimen collection, 10 double entomological net passes were performed every eight days from emergence to the start of the maturation phase. The morphotypes found were identified and grouped according to their type of interaction with the crop in sap-suckers, chewers, predators, and parasitoids. The most relevant climatic variables were selected with a Random Forest analysis. 126 morphotypes were identified in 12 orders. The greatest richness was found in Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Diptera, as well as in the group of suckers. No differences were found in the abundance or richness of arthropods between varieties or planting densities. The irrigation system presented a greater total abundance of arthropods compared to the rainfed system, but in this system, there was higher species richness. Parasitoid and predator populations were negatively correlated with chewers but there was no effect on sap-suckers. Temperature and relative humidity were the most relevant climatic variables in arthropod dynamics. These results contribute to develop pest monitoring and management systems that take into account the dynamics of interaction between ecological groups and the effect of local climate.
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    Incidence of pests in post-harvest material of nine export-type hydrangea cultivars in Antioquia (Colombia).
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Molina Acosta, Maria Daniela; Calvo, Samir Julián; Palacio, Magda Milena; Giraldo, Carlos Eduardo; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Floriculture in Colombia has great economic and social impact bringing important profit to the sector for more than 40 years. Recently, the hydrangeas flower market have the largest growths in cultivated areas and exported product, but they also have the highest rates of interceptions at the international ports. Even so, few information about the main pests affecting crops, areas or cultivars has been published. This study evaluated the pests captured on hydrangeas’ flowers inspected in a trading company of the Eastern region of Antioquia. A total of 6,272 samples (31,360 flowers), of nine cultivars from 86 farms in six municipalities collected during five months were used. The 8.61 % of the samples had at least one limiting-pest specimen for exportation. The most frequent arthropods were mites, eggs and motile stages, and in less frequency aphids, thrips and slugs. The most affected cultivars were those with blue flowers. The 90 % of the farms (n = 86) had at least one event of interception, although there was no spatial pattern associated with municipality. Our data suggest that the interceptions by quarantine pests were associated with the crop and post-harvest management rather than their geographic location or cultivars. This work provides, for the first time, information of the pests with highest incidence in exporting-type Hydrangeas. Although there is no information about the incidence of hydrangeas pests in the crops, these results could help to identify priority areas and cultivars for inspection and evaluation in the field.