Examinando por Materia "Morphology"

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    Anatomical asymmetry of the retrocerebral complex in the cricket, gryllus locorojo (orthoptera: gryllidae)
    (2015-04-27) Razygraev, Alexey V.
    In the adult crickets, Gryllus locorojo, the location of retrocerebral glands within the head capsule was found to be asymmetric. The corpora cardiaca ventral bridge is prominently biased to the right from the sagittal line of the head capsule as well as from the central position within the retrocerebral complex. The location of the whole retrocerebral complex has a tendency to be rightward lateralized within the head capsule. Possible anatomical lateralization of retrocerebral glands in other cricket species needs to be tested. The asymmetric location of corpora cardiaca and aorta, the structures most closely associated with each other, could be a new trait in G. locorojo and potentially other gryllids. RESUMEN En los grillos adultos, Gryllus locorojo, se encontr´o que las gl´andulas retrocerebrales dentro de la c´apsula de la cabeza est´an asim´etricas. El puente de la corpora cardiaca ventral est´a prominentemente inclinado a la derecha de la l´ınea sagital de la c´apsula de la cabeza, como tambi´en en relaci´on a la posici´on central dentro del complejo retrocerebral. La ubicaci´on del complejo retrocerebral en conjunto tiene una tendencia a estar lateralizado hacia la derecha dentro de la c´apsula de la cabeza. La posible lateralizaci´on anat´omica de las gl´andulas retrocerebrales en otras especies de grillos requiere ser verificado. La ubicaci´on asim´etrica de la corpora cardiaca y de la aorta, las estructuras m´as estrechamente relacionadas entre s´ı, podr´ıan ser un nuevo rasgo distintivo en G. locorojo y potencialmente otros gryllidos.
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    Biology of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) under glass house conditions in Palmira, Colombia.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2016-06-30) García, Yesenia; Ramos, Yaneth Patricia; Sotelo, Paola Andrea; Kondo, Takumasa; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    In this study, the morphological characteristics of each stage of development, duration, survival, ecological parameters, reproductive capacity, longevity of adults, and stage-specific mortality of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) were determined. It was conducted in a greenhouse (maximum temperature: 37.1 ± 5.1 °C, minimum temperature: 25.0 ± 2.0 °C; maximum relative humidity: 67.0 ± 6.2%, minimum relative humidity: 39.5 ± 10.9%; 12: 12 h Light: Dark, natural light conditions) in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca. Mean time from egg to adult was 15.41 ± 0.49 days. The median survival time for females was 48.25 days and 50 days for males. The survival rate to adult stage of D. citri was 6.86% with the highest mortality rate recorded for first-instar nymphs (81%). Females oviposited an average of 237 eggs during their reproductive cycle. A dichotomous key, an essential tool for conducting biological studies, is provided to separate the different growth stages of the Asian citrus psillid. Studies on the biology of D. citri will serve as a baseline for the mass rearing of its parasitoid, T. radiata.
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    Caracterización Palinológica De Tabebuia Rosea, Jacaranda Caucana, Pithecellobium Dulce Y Samanea Saman En La Universidad Del Valle Sede Meléndez.
    (2015-09-15) Home, Johan; Ocampo Gil, Andrea; Jiménez, Ángela
    Dentro del campus Meléndez de la Universidad del Valle se encuentran especies botánicas comunes en la arborización de Cali como Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth., Tabebuia rosea (Bertol) Bertero ex A.DC. y Jacaranda caucana Pittier, representantes de las familias Fabaceae y Bignoniaceae respectivamente. Con el objetivo de caracterizar el polen de las cuatro especies mencionadas, se empleó la técnica de acetólisis de Erdtman para observación del material polínico en microscopía óptica (MO) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Con respecto a los caracteres cualitativos, las Fabaceae presentaron poliadas como unidad polínica, variación en la cantidad de granos de polen y en la forma, las Bignoniaceae presentaron polen mónada, pero difi rieron en los demás caracteres. Las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y t-student demostraron que hay diferencias signifi cativas (p<0,05) en todos los caracteres cuantitativos evaluados para las dos familias, como tamaño, eje polar, eje ecuatorial, área de apocolpio, E/P e IAP, excepto en grosor de la exina para las Bignoniaceae. La morfología polínica permitió reconocer diferencias entre especies de la misma familia; sin embargo, para algunos caracteres no se tiene un consenso en diferentes estudios realizados para la misma especie. Abstract The Melendez campus of Universidad del Valle has a host of tree species, many representative of the landscapes of Cali, like Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth., Tabebuia rosea (Bertol) Bertero ex A.DC. and Jacaranda caucana Pittier, representative of the Fabaceae and Bignoniaceae families respectively. To characterize the pollen from the four species mentioned, the Erdtman acetolysis technique was used to observe of the pollen material under optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Regarding thequalitative characters, the Fabaceae presented poliades as pollen unit, but they varied in pollem amount and form; similarly the Bignoniaceae presented monad pollen but differed in other characters. The Mann-Whitney and Student tests showed signifi cant differences (p<0,05) in all the quantitative characters evaluated in Fabaceae and Bignoniaceae, except in the exine thickness for the latter. The pollen morphology allows recognizing differences between species of the same family, though some characters do not have a consensus in different studies for the same species.
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    Frecuencia y variabilidad de la morfología dental en niños afro-colombianos de una institución educativa de Puerto Tejada, Cauca, Colombia.
    (2013-07-10) Rocha, Lorena; Rivas, Harold; Moreno, Freddy
    Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia y variabilidad de once rasgos morfológicos dentales coronales (winging, incisivos centrales y laterales en pala, doble pala, cúspide de Carabelli, pliegue acodado, protostílido, patrón cuspídeo, número de cúspides, cúspide 6 y cúspide 7), en dientes permanentes (UI1/UI2/UM1/LM1), para comprender la influencia étnica y la distancia biológica de una muestra obtenida por conveniencia Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal de enfoque cuantitativo para observar la frecuencia y variabilidad de once rasgos morfológicos dentales coronales mediante la metodología ASUDAS en 84 modelos de estudio obtenidos de niños afro-colombianos de ambos sexos (42 mujeres y 42 hombres) habitantes del municipio de Puerto Tejada, Cauca (Colombia). Resultados: Se observaron frecuencias altas de cúspide de Carabelli de mediano tamaño (grado 5), patrón cuspídeo +5 y +6, y alta frecuencia de cúspide 7, lo cual sugiere notable influencia del complejo dental occidental (caucasoides y negroides). Se apreciaron altas frecuencias del protostílido (punto P o foramen secum) y del pliegue acodado lo cual sugiere influencia mongoloide a partir de la miscegenación con grupos indígenas regionales. Los rasgos morfológicos winging, incisivos centrales y laterales en pala, doble pala, número de cúspides y cúspide 6 presentaron frecuencias bajas. Se demostró la simetría bilateral y ausencia de dimorfismo sexual (a excepción de winging, incisivos en pala y protostílido). Estos resultados son importantes dentro de los contextos odontológico y forense durante los procesos de identificación, y en el contexto antropológico para estimar la odontobiografía de una población específica. Objectives: To assess the frequency and variability of eleven non-metric dental crown traits (winging, shovel-shape, double shovel shape, Carabelli trait, deflecting wrinkle, protostylid, groove pattern, cusp number, sixth and seventh cusps) in permanent (UI1/UI2/UM1/LM1) teeth, in order to understanding the ethnic influence and the biological distance of the sample in study. Materials and methods: In this descriptive and quantitative study, frequency and variability of twelve non-metric dental crown traits were analyzed, through the ASUDAS System, in dental casts from 84 African-Colombian children of both sexes (42 females and 42 males), in mixed-dentition from Puerto Tejada, Cauca (Colombia) inhabitants. Results: High frequencies of Carabelli trait in grade 5; and +5 y +6 groove patterns, suggests Western dental complex influence. High frequencies of protostylid (P point or foramen secum) and deflecting wrinkle that suggest Mongoloid influence from the miscegenation with regional indigenous groups were observed. Winging, shovel-shape, double shovel, cusp number and cusp 6 showed low frequencies. Bilateral symmetry and absence of sexual dimorphism were demonstrated (except winging, shovel-shape and protostylid).
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    Temperature effect on the phenotypic expression of characters of costal spots Nyssorhynchus triannulatus (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae).
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-03-03) González Obando, Ranulfo; Cárdenas Henao, Heiber; Marín Londoño, Omar Alejandro; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    In this study, the effect of temperature on the phenotypic expression of size, elongation (length/width) and costal wing spots among families, progenies and sexes was evaluated through traditional morphometry in populations of Nyssorhynchus triannulatus from southern Colombia. In the progenies of 11 families, obtained at 20, 24 and 28 °C the wings showed four costal spots patterns. Pattern I was present in all three breeding temperatures with the highest frequency. Within families, the average length/width of wing ratio was significantly higher in males than females, while the variation by sex of this character was similar. Among the families, the temperature had variable influence on the sizes of wings and costal spots. Within the components of phenotypic variation, the breeding temperature had no significant detectable effect on the length of the wing and several of the analyzed characters; however, the proportion of the subcostal pale spot length over the length of the distal sector dark spot (SCP/DSD) was the most sensitive to temperature changes. The genetic contribution of the wing size and the measured characters length, as well as the effect of the families (origin) on the phenotypic variation, was significant for almost all the characters analyzed. The effect of the sexes on the phenotypic variation of the studied characters was significant only for some characters, while there were few significant interactions between the three factors analyzed (temperature, family and sex) with a low effect on the phenotypic variation.