Examinando por Materia "Phytophagous"

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    Diversity of trips (Insecta: Thysanoptera: Thripidae) associated with gladiolus in Mexico.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2020-07-09) Quiñones Valdez, Rosalba; Sánchez Pale, Jesús Ricardo; Castañeda Vildozola, Álvaro; Mejorada Gómez, Elizabeth; Johansen Naime, Roberto; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Gladiolus is a cut flower with the highest year-round demand in Mexico, generating strong economic and social activity. Thrips are the pest that most affects gladiolus and require the most control, but which species cause damage are still unknown. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of thrip species associated with gladiolus cultivation in two production regions of Mexico State. Two plots were established: one in Ixtlahuaca, in the northern part of the state, characterized by less intensive management, and one in Villa Guerrero, in the southeastern part of the state, characterized by intensive management and considered the main production region for ornamentals. Thrips were captured from 100 floral spikes per plot at the end of the cultivation cycle. Results showed the presence of two genera and five species of phytophagous thrips, as well as one predatory thrip genus, in the northern region, while in the southeast region the same two genera were represented but with 12 species, one of which is new for Mexico. Thrips simplex was the most abundant species in both plots evaluated.
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    Life table of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) reared on Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
    (Universidad del Valle, 2020-07-09) Palomares Pérez, Martín; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Chrysoperla externa is a widely distributed and highly adaptable predatory insect. In order to evaluate its capacity as a natural enemy of the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, its life table when reared on M. sacchari was inferred. The biological cycle lasted an average of 29.5 ± 6.2 d from egg to adult. The embryonic and larval period duration was 5.1 ± 0.3 and 13.8 ± 4.5 d, respectively. The pupa stage was completed in 10.6 ± 1.4 d, whereas adults lived 63.5 ± 26.7 d after eclosion. The mortality rate showed the highest values in the egg stage (qx = 0.17). The greatest survival rate appeared in the third instar (93.7 %). The period prior to reproduction was 6.5 ± 3.1 d. The average fecundity was 228.3 ± 139.1 eggs. The life table parameters were Ro = 113.2, T = 28.9, rm = 0.163 and λ = 1.17. According to the results, it is possible to infer that C. externa is capable of accomplishing its life cycle feeding only on M. sacchari.
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    Mites associated with blackberry (Rubus sp. cv. Tupy) in two areas of Michoacan, México.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2019-12-31) Ayala Ortega, José de Jesús; Martínez Castillo, Ana Mabel; Pineda Guillermo, Samuel; Figueroa de la Rosa, José Isaac; Acuña Soto, Jesús; Ramos Lima, Mayra; Vargas Sandoval, Margarita; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Damage caused by phytophagous mites is one of the main phytosanitary problems on blackberry crop. The mite species identification is a very significant activity to implement a program of integrated pest management. The aim of this study was to identify the species of phytophagous mites, predators, and other mites associated with blackberry crop in two locations of Michoacan, Mexico. The research was performed in two blackberry orchards located at Ziracuaretiro and Tacambaro municipalities, which had different type of management: conventional and non-conventional, respectively. In each orchard, 18 samples were collected at 15 d-intervals during an annual cycle, from June 2015 to May 2016. The collected mites were mounted in permanent slide for their taxonomic determination with specific keys with specific keys. Seventeen mite species belonging to ten families were identified, which six were phytophagous species, six were predatory, and five had varied habits. Six of the 17 taxa identified are new records of mites associated with blackberry crop. Most of the mites were collected in the conventional crop (65.4 %), while the abundance of predator mites was highest in the no-conventional crop.
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    Population fluctuation and parasitism of Aleurothrixus floccosus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)in citrus trees from Atacama Desert, Chile.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Tello Mercado, Víctor; Zarzar Maza, Miguel; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    The effect of three different types of crop management on parasitism of Aleurothrixus floccosus in the Atacama Desert was studied. The studied parasitoids were: Cales noacki, Eretmocerus paulistus, Amitus spiniferus, and the hyperparasitoid Signiphora sp. The study was performed in Pica Oasis, located in the Atacama Desert, Tarapacá region, Chile, from February 2009 until February 2011. Three orchards were selected based on the type of plantation: the Bajo Miraflores Sector with plantation frames (5 x 5 m) and pruning management; the San Lorenzo Sector without plantation frames or pruning management; and Miraflores Sector that represents a mixed system between both of them. Two sampling procedures were applied. One was of the absolute type, in which 36 leaves per tree were collected from four labeled trees that were sampled twice a month, and the other was collected through yellow sticky chrome-attracting traps set in the central part of each of the labeled trees used for absolute sampling. The results indicate that in the Oasis of Pica, the different stages of A. floccosus are distributed throughout the year; with all stages represented during every month. The three sampled sectors exhibited different population levels of A. floccosus. The hyperparasitoid Signophora sp. presented the highest population density. The average parasitism percentage of A. floccosus in Pica was lower than 15 %.
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    Preferences of thrips (Thysanoptera) for the aerial structures of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) in Colombia.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2018-12-31) Jaramillo Barrios, Camilo Ignacio; Rodríguez, Andrés; Varón Devia, Edgar; Monje Andrade, Buenaventura; Ebratt Ravelo, Everth; Montoya Lerma, James
    The aim of this study was to determine the preference levels of species of thrips for aerial structures of cotton plants. To accomplish this, samples of associated thrips species to cotton crop were collected and identified in warm weather valleys of the high Magdalena, in the Andean region of Colombia, A total of 60 cotton producing farms were sampled during the capsule filling phase in which the cotton plants presented young leaf, flower bud, flower and capsule microhabitats. The Bray-Curtis Cluster analysis and the Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric test were utilized. The thrips species found were: Thrips palmi, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and Frankliniella cephalica. T. palmi was the most frequent (n = 3595; µ = 14.97 ± 32.35), while S. dorsalis (n = 856; μ = 3.56 ± 6.35) and Fr. cephalica (n = 405; μ = 1.68 ± 9.13) were found in lower numbers. Thrips palmi was found in all four micro-habitats, while S. dorsalis preferred capsules, followed by leaves and floral buds. Frankliniella cephalica showed preference for flowers. The present study revealed the phytophagous action of T. palmi and S. dorsalis as insects with intra-host generalist behavior, with preferences for leaves (phyllophagous), flower buds (anthophagous) and capsules (carpophagous). Frankliniella cephalica acted as a specialist, with a preference for the flowers (anthophagous) of the cotton plant.
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    Seasonal variation of the epigeal coleopteran diversity in the Laguna Carén (Santiago, Chile).
    (Universidad del Valle, 2018-12-31) Alvarado Orellana, Alexandra; Huerta Fuentes, Amanda; Palma Muñoz, Álvaro; Rodríguez Tobar, Sebastián; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    The seasonal variation of epigeal coleopteran diversity and physical-chemical parameters associated to water quality in the Laguna Carén (Santiago, Chile) was evaluated. Different physical-chemical parameters of lagoon water were measured in spring and summer at four random sampling stations, representative of the vegetable coverages. The epigeal coleopterans of the shore were collected by means of interception traps (n = 40), installed at random. It was estimated the abundance and richness of the coleopterans by sampling station and season. In addition, they were separated into trophic guilds: phytophagous, predatory and saprophagous. The differences in abundance and richness were evaluated with nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by Dunn (sampling station) and Mann-Whitney (season) tests. The same statistical procedure was applied to trophic guilds. The ensemble of species of epigeal coleopteran was represented by 19 species (14 natives) from eight families, constitutes the first record of insects in the lagoon. The richness of epigeal coleopteran was significantly higher in spring; while abundance was in summer, concurring with the sampling stations with higher coverages. The availability of food and shelter for epigeal beetles would be influenced mainly by anthropic factors, which lead to a greater degree of fragmentation and alteration of the habitat. The information generated can serve as a basis for future research on bioindicators in vulnerable wetlands in the Mediterranean region.