Examinando por Materia "Plagas"

Mostrando 1 - 14 de 14
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    Aplicación de modelos matemáticos en el control de Diaphorina citri vía manejo integrado de plagas
    (Universidad del Valle, 2024) Rangel Cabrera, Alex Santiago; Ramírez Bernate, Carmen Alicia
    En este trabajo se propone un modelo en ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias que describe la evolución temporal de las poblaciones de la plaga Diaphorina citri y su enemigo natural Tamarixia radiata, se procede a determinar sus puntos de equilibrios y condiciones de estabilidad. Luego, se propone un modelo en ecuaciones diferenciales parciales que analiza la dinámica en el espacio y en el tiempo de D. citri en la presencia de T. radiata, se procede a determinar la aproximación numérica del modelo en un dominio cuadrado a partir del Método de Elementos Finitos para la discretización de las variables espaciales, el Método de Crank Nicolson para la discretización de la variable temporal y un esquema del tipo predictor corrector para el tratamiento de las no linealidades. A ambos modelos se les aplica una estrategia de Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP), que consiste en rociar insecticidas y liberar enemigos naturales de la plaga, siempre que la densidad de ésta supere un Umbral Económico (UE). Se simulan diferentes escenarios numéricos, para finalmente proponer estrategias que ayuden a controlar al insecto D. citri. Los resultados sugieren que es factible implementar estrategias de control sin requerir un monitoreo constante de la densidad de plagas.
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    Arthropod pests and their management, natural enemies and flora visitors associated with castor (Ricinus communis), a biofuel plant: a review.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2020-07-09) López Guillén, Guillermo; Gómez Ruiz, Jaime; Barrera, Juan F.; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Interest in bioenergetic crops, such as the castor oil plant Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), for production of biodiesel has increased in recent years. In this paper, phytophagous arthropods, their natural enemies and floral visitors associated with this plant in the world are reviewed. Despite its insecticidal properties, arthropods have been reported feeding on R. communis plants. The arthropod pests of R. communis damage all parts of the plant, including the seeds, where some toxic compounds are even more concentrated. In the scientific databases, we found reports of 193 arthropods associated to R. communis in different parts of the world. This information obtained in the scientific databases was concentrated in a database and analyzed according to the coevolutive hypothesis, which allows us to predict that the greatest wealth and abundance of phytogenic arthropods is found in the center of origin by R. communis. According to this review, Achaea janata, Spodoptera litura, Edwardsiana flavescens, Liriomyza trifolii, L. sativae, Spilosoma obliqua, Cogenethes punctiferalis, Oxyrhachis taranda, and Helicoverpa armigera are the most devastating pests in Asia. In Africa, Agrotis ipsilon, S. exigua, Nezara viridula, Trialeurodes ricini, and Tetranychus urticae were mentioned as the most important. In Central and South-America, Phyllophaga sp., Agrietes sp., Erinnyis ello, N. viridula, Corythucha gossypii, Falconia antioquiana, and S. marima are reported as pests of economic importance. The most commonly reported natural enemies of some of these arthropod pests were species of Bacillus thuringiensis, B. cereus, B. popilliae, Trichogramma achaeae, T. chilonis, T. minutum, T. australicum, T. dendrolimi, T. pretiosum, T. evanescens, Microplitis rufiventris, M. maculipennis, M. ophiusae, Telenomus remus, T. proditor, Stethorus siphonulus and S. histrio. Apis mellifera is recorded as the main insect pollinator of R. communis. Pest management methods used against the arthropod pests of R. communis include biological, ethological, mechanical, cultural, genetic, and chemical control.
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    Biology and damage of Conotrachelus crataegi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in tejocote (Crataegus spp.) in Mexico.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2017-12-30) Rosas Alfaro, Martha Lilia; Huerta de La Peña, Arturo; Morales Jiménez, Juan; Pérez Magaña, Andrés; Hernández, Luis Ricardo; López Olguín, Jesús Francisco; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    Conotrachelus crataegi is a curculionid pest that borer the fruits of the hawthorn in the production area of Puebla, Mexico. Females lay eggs in small developing fruits, then the larvae auger to reach and destroy the seeds. This study was conducted due to the absence of research on the biology of and damage caused to fruits by this insect in the region. Samplings of foliage, fruits and soil were made in three locations in the Sierra Nevada of Puebla from April 30, 2014 to May 27, 2015. C. crataegi showed highly overlapping stages of development; eggs were observed from the third week of April to the second week of July 2014, with an estimated period of incubation of three to five days. Larvae were recorded throughout the sampling period from the first week of July 2014 until the last week of May 2015. The pupal stage occurred during the months of March and April 2014 and lasted between 10 and 15 days. Adults were seen from April to September 2014 with the highest population densities noted on May 28 and June 11, 2014. The results of this research will help in designing a program for the sustainable management of C. crataegi in Mexico.
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    Caracterización molecular del complejo picudo del plátano (coleoptera: curculionidae), géneros cosmopolites y metamasius en tres localidades de Colombia [recurso electrónico]
    (2015-09-07) Montoya Lerma, James (Director de Tesis o Trabajo de Grado); Duque Gamboa, Diana Nataly; Caicedo Vallejo, Ana Milena (Director de Tesis o Trabajo de Grado)
    El complejo picudo del plátano conformado por las especies Cosmopolites sordidus, Metamasius hemipterus, M. hebetatus y M. submaculatus, es considerada la plaga mas limitante del cultivo del plátano en Colombia, debido a la sincronización temporal entre los estadíos de desarrollo de la plaga y su hospedero, su distribución en el sistema radicular y potencial biológico. La caracterización morfológica basada en caracteres como coloración de los élitros y tamaño corporal, es ambigua y dificulta la correcta identificación de las especies del complejo. El presente estudio buscó discriminar, mediante el análisis de secuencia del gen COI, las especies que conforman el complejo; aspecto esencial para el monitoreo adecuado e implementación de estrategias de manejo
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    Coloquio biodiversidad, ecología y agroecosistemas Universidad del Valle, Cali, 19 y 21 de enero de 2017
    (2018-07-11) Universidad del Valle
    Diversidad de áfidos y sus enemigos naturales presentes en plantas acompañantes de cultivos de ají en el Valle del cauca, Colombia / Melo, Clara Inés; Manzano, María R.

    Efectos temporales de estrategias de forrajeo sobre redes mutualistas de dispersión de semillas murciélago-planta / Zapata-Mesa, Natalya; Montoya-Bustamante, Sebastián; Murillo-García, Oscar E.

    Interacciones de competencia y forrajeo de Ectatomma Ruidum (Formicidae: Ectatomminae) / Santamaría, Carlos; Vargas, Nicole ; Narváez, Sebastián ; Palacios, Paula ; González, Evelyn.

    Índice de intensificación agrícola y conservación vegetal en cafetales del suroccidente colombiano) / Meneses, Oscar ; Armbrecht, Inge.

    Ensayo de depredación de Ectatomma ruidum roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) sobre la broca del café Hypothenemus hampei ferrari (coleoptera: curculionidae) en condiciones de laboratorio / Armbrecht, Inge; Santamaría, Carlos.

    Efectos de la hormiga Ectatomma ruidum sobre algunas propiedades físicas del suelo y el crecimiento de plantas de café (Coffea arabica) / Rondón Fernández, María Fernanda; Armbrecht, Inge; Santamaría, Carlos.

    Prácticas agroecológicas en las reservas naturales de la sociedad civil. Logros y desafíos para su implementación y contribuciones a la conservación / Rios, Constanza.

    Diversidad morfológica de zapote (Matisia cordata Bonpl.) en huertos tradicionales del occidente cercano antioqueño / Álvarez Osorio, Verónica María ; Muriel Ruíz, Sandra Bibiana ; Cotes Torres, José Miguel.

    Estudio de la biología floral y fructificación de Matisia cordata Bonpl. y Tamarindus indica L. en el occidente cercano Antioqueño / Aguilar Castro, Mariluz.

    Sistemas cafeteros como albergue permanente para aves, Popayán, Cauca / Vidal-Maldonado, Cristian Camilo.

    Avifauna asociada a sistemas cafeteros en policultivo y monocultivo en el municipio de Popayán, Cauca / Meneses Zúñiga, Alex Fernando ; Vidal-Maldonado, Cristian Camilo ; Gallego-Ropero, María Cristina.

    Medición de rasgos funcionales y diversidad de colibríes en sistemas cafeteros, Popayán, Cauca / Aguirre Castaño, Stephanía; Vidal-Maldonado, Cristian Camilo; Gallego-Ropero, María Cristina.

    Oferta polínica para abejas en sistemas cafeteros en el municipio de Popayán, Cauca / Plaza-Ortega, Vianny ; Mera Velásco, Yamid ; Gallego-Ropero, María Cristina.

    Mariposas acimógafas en un paisaje cafetero, Popayán, Cauca / Gallego López, Ángela Patricia ; Tamayo, Yulli; Gallego Ropero, María Cristina.

    Funciones múltiples de la agricultura (FMA) en fincas de campesinos pertenecientes a ASOPECAM, Valle del Cauca / Barrera Betancourth, Mateo; Dávila Betancurth, Juan; Vélez Vargas, León; ASOPECAM.

    Espacialización de agroecosistemas: Base de la sostenibilidad a nivel predial / Montoya Ruíz, Claudia; Dávila Betancurth, Juan ; Vélez Vargas, León ; ASOPECAM.

    Propuesta metodológico para las variaciones socio-ecológicas de servicios ecosistémicos hídricos, en cuencas hidrográficas, caso de estudio Mondomo, Cauca / Cerón, Víctor ; Figueroa, Apolinar.

    Dimensiones y procesos propios de la conversión agroecológica / Jaramillo Vallejo, Fabio Luis ; Ríos Osorio, Leonardo Alberto.

    Calidad integral de un suelo de Cerrado, Planaltina (DF), Brasil / Concha Lozada, Clara Milena; de Oliveira Gaspar, Ricardo; Leite Chaves, Henrique Marinho.

    Evaluación de la regeneración del Igua, Pseudosamanea guachapele (KUNTH) HARMS en cultivo Melina (Gmelina arborea) Trujillo Clavijo, Juan Pablo ; Moreno-Elcure, Félix Augusto.

    Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y carábidos (Coleoptera: Carabidae) del suelo en un paisaje cafetero del norte del Cauca-Colombia / Arenas, Anderson; Armbrecht, Inge.

    El papel de las hormigas en dos sistemas cafeteros contrastantes en el departamento del Cauca / Garcia-Cárdenas, Rocío; Montoya-Lerma, James; Armbrecht, Inge.

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    Diversity of trips (Insecta: Thysanoptera: Thripidae) associated with gladiolus in Mexico.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2020-07-09) Quiñones Valdez, Rosalba; Sánchez Pale, Jesús Ricardo; Castañeda Vildozola, Álvaro; Mejorada Gómez, Elizabeth; Johansen Naime, Roberto; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Gladiolus is a cut flower with the highest year-round demand in Mexico, generating strong economic and social activity. Thrips are the pest that most affects gladiolus and require the most control, but which species cause damage are still unknown. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of thrip species associated with gladiolus cultivation in two production regions of Mexico State. Two plots were established: one in Ixtlahuaca, in the northern part of the state, characterized by less intensive management, and one in Villa Guerrero, in the southeastern part of the state, characterized by intensive management and considered the main production region for ornamentals. Thrips were captured from 100 floral spikes per plot at the end of the cultivation cycle. Results showed the presence of two genera and five species of phytophagous thrips, as well as one predatory thrip genus, in the northern region, while in the southeast region the same two genera were represented but with 12 species, one of which is new for Mexico. Thrips simplex was the most abundant species in both plots evaluated.
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    Impacto de diferentes densidades de cochinilla de la piña en un cultivo de maní.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2018-07-08) Domingues da Silva, Carlos Alberto; Domingos Vasconcelos, Eduardo; Almeida, Raul Porfirio de; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    La cochinilla Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) es una especie cosmopolita y polífaga que puede causar graves daños al cultivo de maní en varios países del mundo. Este estudio realizado en Campina Grande, estado Paraíba, Brasil, tuvo como objetivo determinar las pérdidas en productividad causadas por esta cochinilla en el cultivo de maní. Fue usado un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en cinco densidades de (ninfas y adultos) en raíces y vainas de maní de acuerdo a lo siguiente: T1 = 0 cochinillas/planta; T2 = 1-20 cochinillas/planta; T3 = 21-40 cochinillas/planta; T4 = 41-80 cochinillas/planta y T5 = más de 80 cochinillas/planta. Se observaron infestaciones en las raíces y vainas en el 84 % de las plantas muestreadas, con un número promedio de cochinillas por planta que varió entre 0 y 147,1 individuos. Cuanto mayor el número de cochinillas por planta, menor fue el peso de la vaina. La productividad media de la vaina de maní de la cultivar BR1, con las más altas y más bajas densidades de las cochinillas por planta fue de 1.695 kg ha-1 y 3.290 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Campos con alta infestación de D. brevipes arriesgan grandes pérdidas, principalmente debido a su enorme capacidad de causar daños.
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    New records of parasitoid braconids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoids of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Durango, Mexico.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2020-12-26) González Maldonado, María Berenice; Coronado Blanco, Juana María; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    In this paper, are listed some Species of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) present in corn crops in the State of Durango, Mexico. The presence of Meteorus arizonensis and Meteorus laphygmae (Euphorinae) is highlighted as new records of parasitoids of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. These new records contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of hymenopteran, which can also be used in biological control programs
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    Population fluctuation of thrips (Frankliniella cf. gardeniae) in mango crops in Tolima, Colombia.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2018-12-31) Sierra Baquero, Paola Vanessa; Varón Devia, Edgar Herney; Gomes Días, Lucimar; Jaramillo Barrios, Camilo Ignacio; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Mango is one of the tropical fruits with the highest production worldwide; in Colombia is a crop with a great export potential. However, insect pests such as thrips, can affect its quality and production. In this research the relationship of the population fluctuation of thrips (Frankliniella cf. gardeniae) with climatic conditions and mango (var. Yulima and Tommy) phenology in Guamo and San Luis (Tolima) was evaluated. Trips were weekly sampled in both inflorescences and young leaves of mango and associated weeds; phenological stages of the crop and climatic conditions (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation) were recorded and the probability of the presence of thrips in mango flowers was determined. A total number of 8.609 thrips individuals, including adults and immatures, were collected. The population fluctuation of Frankliniella cf. gardeniae presented a positive relationship with flowering (R = 0.79 var. Yulima and Tommy) and temperature (R = 0.43 var. Yulima; R = 0.48 var. Tommy). It was recorded the genera of the phytophagous trips Frankliniella and Haplothrips, in the weeds Desmodium tortuosum and Melochia parvifolia. The flowers and fruits up to 8 mm size were the most susceptible to insect attack. Finally, the higher probability of the thrips presence in mango flowers had two main periods, 7-63 days and 161-163 days after flowering. Frankliniella cf. gardeniae behaved as an occasional pest, present when the food source was available and the climatic conditions were adequate.
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    Population study of Steneotarsonemus spinki (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on three varieties rice sowing in different times.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2019-08-30) Rubiano Rodríguez, José Antonio; Sánchez Doria, Tatiana; Tofiño Rivera, Rodrigo; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Pests and diseases are among the most important limiting factors for rice (Oryza sativa) production, as they are responsible for 35 % of economic losses. The adoption of adequate control measures in order to ensure better production rates is required. The Steneotarsonemus spinki mite is a pest that has generated many losses in the rice sector in recent years. The Colombian Agricultural Institute declared in 2005 that the presence of the disease known as “vain grain”, which affects grain quality and crop productivity up to 60 %, generated economic losses for farmers. S. spinki, is part of the complex of organisms that cause “vain grain”. Therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the population dynamics of S. spinki in different sowing dates in the Agrosavia investigation center of Agustín Codazzi, Cesar, Colombia. For this objective, during 2014 three different rice varieties were sown every 20 +/- 3 days, for a total of seven plantings in a complete block design sown at random in fixed strips with four replications. At 60 days of emergence after each sowing, four plants were taken per replicate per variety at each sampling, with a total of five samplings being performed during the growth stage. In the CI Motilonia entomology unit, the number of mites were counted in the pods of the last three leaves of the central till of each plant. The populations of S. spinki exceeded 100 individuals per plant in some samples, the variety FED 733 presented the largest population of the mite, and the variety FED 2000 represented the smallest one. According to the results, the populations of S. spinki increased in the second semester in advanced physiological stages of the crop. Mite populations appear to have no effect on the yields of the rice varieties evaluated.
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    Potential predation of commercial hemipterans on Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) eggs.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2017-12-30) Pérez Guerrero, Sergio; Molina Rodríguez, José María; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    Drosophila suzukii is an exotic and invasive pest (from South East Asia) affecting a wide range of important crops from Europe and America, especially berries. This work analyzes potential predation of some commercial hemipterans on D. suzukii eggs under laboratory conditions using blueberry fruits. Three treatments were established: infested fruit + predator, no-infested fruit + predator (control) and no-infested fruit without predator (control). After 72 h, predators were removed, and the numbers of live and dead recorded. The mean number of D. suzukii adults that emerged per fruit was compared with number of adults that emerged from the control group. Numbers of live and dead predators from infested fruits treatment were compared with numbers of live and dead predators from the no-infested fruit control group. Among tested predators, only Anthocoris nemoralis displayed a significant reduction on adult’s emergence (~50 %). No significant differences in the mean number of D. suzukii emerged adults per fruit were found for the treatments with Orius laevigatus, Macrolophus pygmaeus and Nesidiocoris tenuis, although N. tenuis showed significant higher survival rates when kept with infested fruits. Further and extended research is required in order to confirm the potential predation of A. nemoralis on D. suzukii eggs reported here.
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    Preferencias alimenticias y respuestas de olfato de Copitarsia uncilata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a cuatro especies de hierbas aromáticas.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2017-12-30) Mendieta, Miguel; Gaigl, Andreas; Getiva de la Hoz, Juan Carlos; Herrera, Anibal Orlando; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    Las hierbas aromáticas en Colombia tienen un gran potencial como producto de exportación. En ellas, el género Copitarsia es considerado como una plaga de importancia económica y cuarentenaria. Los adultos de insectos herbívoros toman la decisión de escogencia de la planta hospedera. Esta decisión es influenciada por la calidad del hospedero. Se realizaron ensayos de pruebas olfatorias y alimenticias usando un olfatómetro de cuatro brazos ofreciendo cuatro hierbas aromáticas (albahaca, menta, romero y tomillo) para determinar el comportamiento alimenticio de Copitarsia uncilata Burgos y Leiva. Se midieron parámetros como la escogencia de hospederos por los adultos, el peso de larvas y duración de asociación con cada una de las cuatro hierbas. Las preferencias de adultos e inmaduros hacia las hierbas variaron tanto en los ensayos de olfatometría con adultos como en las pruebas alimenticias con larvas en forma significativa. Los adultos mostraron una preferencia significativa hacia los aceites esenciales de albahaca y romero. Se registró un peso mayor entre larvas cuando comieron menta y albahaca. Futuros estudios sobre el desarrollo larval y la longevidad de adultos son necesarios.
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    The fruit borer and the cacao stem (Carmenta theobromae, Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in the Zarumilla valley, Tumbes, Peru.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2020-07-09) Morán Rosillo, José Luis; Castillo Carrillo, Pedro Saúl; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Since 2009, the presence of a pest insect of an unidentified species whose larvae pierce the stems and fruits of the cocoa plant, affecting the commercial value of the fruits by the invasion of secondary pathogenic microorganisms, has been demonstrated in the cocoa plantations of the Zarumilla valley, (Tumbes, Peru). This research work was carried out from March to August 2014 in order to identify and morphologically characterize the borer of the fruit and stem of the cocoa plant not reported for the conditions of this valley. The collections were made in cocoa fields of the Zarumilla valley and the breeding of immature states was carried out in the Entomology laboratory of the National University of Tumbes. The results made it possible to determine that the species whose larva pierces the cacao stems and fruits is Carmenta theobromae. The main morphological characteristics of this species are described, referring to the egg, larva, pupa and adult stages of both sexes. In addition, from the biological material collected in the field during the sampling, it was possible to identify two parasitoids at the family level, a dipteran Tachinidae recovered from larvae and a hymenopteran Chalcididae recovered from pupae. It is concluded that the species that burrows cocoa fruits in cocoa plantations in the Zarumilla Valley is C. theobromae. The present study will serve as the basis for biology and behavioral studies of in relation to environmental factors and to determine if this species has a preference for certain cocoa clones planted in the valley.
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    Updated status of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Jordan with emphasis on the Bemisia tabaci species complex.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Ghabeish, Ihab; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Whiteflies are economically important plant pests that cause damage to crops worldwide. This study aimed to update the status of whiteflies in Jordan by combining the classical morphological identification and the DNA markers using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene. Over the course of three consecutive years, 111 whiteflies were collected from different geographical regions and different plant hosts in Jordan. The results showed that, in addition to Bemisia tabaci, another nine different whitefly species were identified, including two species that were recorded for the first time in Jordan: Africaleurodes coffeacola, and Tetraleurodes neemani. A special focus has been given to economically important plant pests like the B. tabaci species complex. Three different diagnostic techniques were used to identify B. tabaci putative species based on mtCOI gene. All the collected samples of B. tabaci species complex were identified as Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) putative species.