Examinando por Materia "Qualitative research"

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    Causas de recaída e de busca por tratamento referidas por dependentes químicos em uma unidade de reabilitação.
    (2011-10-25) Mendes Carvalho, Flávia Regina; Brusamarello, Tatiana; Noeremberg Guimarães, Andréa; Paes, Marcio Roberto; Alves Maftum, Mariluci
    Objetivos: Identificar as causas de recaída e de busca por tratamento pelos dependentes químicos. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, realizada em Unidade de Reabilitação de Adictos de um hospital psiquiátrico do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de maio a junho de 2010, através de entrevista semiestruturada com 12 dependentes químicos. Posteriormente, foram analisados e organizados em categorias temáticas. Resultados: Da análise, emergiram cinco categorias: o meio influencia a recaída; o não reconhecimento da impotência perante o vício; dificuldade de lidar com frustrações; a inatividade desperta o desejo pelo uso de substâncias psicoativas; perdas, comorbidades e o reconhecimento da impotência motivam a busca de tratamento. Discussão: Evidenciou-se dentre as motivações atribuídas à recaída, influências externas relacionadas ao contexto social e internas, como a dificuldade de autopercepção. Os sujeitos atribuíram às perdas, diversos aspectos da vida e o reconhecimento do déficit de controle perante o vício, como fatores decisivos para a busca por tratamento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a recuperação destes indivíduos é favorecida pela união dos fatores físicos, emocionais e sociais. Assim, é necessário que os profissionais de saúde busquem constantemente aprimorar seus conhecimentos acerca desta temática, a fim de estarem capacitados para prestar cuidado integral a essa clientela. Objectives: To identify the causes of relapse and search for treatment by drug users. Methodology: This was a qualitative exploratory research carried out in an Addiction Rehabilitation Unit at a psychiatric hospital in Paraná State, Brazil. Data were collected from May to June 2010 through a semistructured interview with 12 drug addicts. They were further analyzed and organized into thematic categories. Results: Five categories emerged from the analysis: Environment influences relapse; Non-recognition of the powerlessness facing addiction; Difficulty in coping with frustrations; Inaction fosters cravings for psychoactive substances; Losses, comorbidities, and recognition of powerlessness lead to the search for treatment. Discussion: Among the motivations for relapse, external influences related to the social context, as well as internal ones such as difficulties with self-perception were pointed out. The subjects attributed to losses, several aspects of their lives and the recognition of the control deficit over the addiction as the ultimate factors to search for treatment. Conclusion: It can be concluded that those subjects’ recovery is favored by the conjunction of physical, emotional, and social factors. Thus, it is deemed necessary that health professionals continuously refine their knowledge on this theme to be qualified to deliver thorough care to these clients.
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    Market and risk : stages of HIV transmission among men with homosexual behaviors. Medellín 1993-2006.
    (2012-01-11) Posada, Isabel Cristina; Gómez Arias, Rubén Darío
    Background: People’s different responses to HIV prevention programs have been related to collective patterns of significance that are imposed to their behaviors, and affect the success of health interventions. Objective: To understand the social conditions by which men who have sex with men (MSM) face their risks. Methodology: A qualitative study based on the symbolic interactionism was carried out in Medellín between 1993 and 2006. The places where MSM meet were identified and visited. Focus groups with key informants and 100 in-depth interviews were conducted, of which 39 of them were conducted with MSM. Results: The study identified and studied seven scenarios where MSM face the risk of HIV. In the region, homosexuality continues to be object of social stigma and MSM must create for themselves special stages, where sexual activity can be less difficult. These conditions have been exploited by the market, which perceives MSM as consumers with payment capacity, and it has generated an expansive offer of stages where MSM act out several of their fundamental needs but, at the same time, are also exposed to different risks. The scenarios are built as normative systems generated by the market whose structure is imposed to the individual behaviors, frequently restricting their capacity to be protected from the risk of infection. Conclusion: The findings illustrate the complexity of the subjective decisions involved with the personal protection and the management of the risks; and they question the paradigm of the rational consumer. On the contrary, the conjunction of the structural vulnerability and the individual vulnerability, in a context of social exclusion, conform an intricate net that should be assumed in its complexity and integrity by health policies. Introducción: Las diferentes respuestas de los individuos a las medidas de prevención para VIH se han relacionado con patrones colectivos de significación que se imponen al comportamiento y que influyen en el éxito de las intervenciones. Objetivo: Mejorar la comprensión de las condiciones colectivas en que los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) enfrentan sus riesgos de infección para VIH. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo basado en el interaccionismo simbólico, realizado en Medellín entre 1993 y 2006. Se identificaron y visitaron los sitios donde se reúnen los HSH. Se realizaron grupos focales con informantes claves y 100 entrevistas, de las cuales 39 a HSH. Resultados: Se identificaron y estudiaron siete escenarios donde los HSH enfrentan el riesgo de VIH. En la región, la homosexualidad sigue siendo objeto de sanción social y los HSH deben crear escenarios especiales, donde el ejercicio de la sexualidad les sea menos difícil. Estas condiciones han sido aprovechadas por el mercado que percibe a los HSH como un segmento de consumidores con capacidad de pago, y ha generado una oferta en expansión de escenarios donde la población de HSH realiza varias de sus necesidades sociales, afectivas y sexuales pero se expone también a condiciones de riesgo. Los escenarios se construyen como sistemas normativos generados por el mercado, cuya estructura se impone a los comportamientos individuales restringiendo con frecuencia su capacidad para protegerse de los riesgos de infección. Conclusión: Los hallazgos ilustran la complejidad de las decisiones subjetivas involucradas con la protección personal y la gestión de los riesgos, y ponen en entredicho el paradigma del consumidor racional. Por el contrario, la confluencia de la vulnerabilidad estructural y la vulnerabilidad individual, en un contexto de exclusión social, conforman una compleja red de determinantes que debe ser asumida en su complejidad e integralidad por las políticas sanitarias.
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    Mirando el cuidado cultural desde la óptica de Leininger.
    (2012-12-12) Muñoz de Rodríguez, Lucy; Vásquez, Marta Lucía
    Introducción: Comprender el cuidado desde la perspectiva de Leininger, implica aprender de las personas sus formas de vida, sus contextos, sus sentimientos, sus preocupaciones, sus creencias, prácticas y valores, en sucesos tan diversos como maternidad, paternidad, nacimiento, adolescencia, adultez, vejez, enfermedad y muerte, con el fin primordial de ofrecer un cuidado coherente con la cultura. Investigación y práctica en enfermería transcultural: Este aprendizaje sobre el cuidado que los individuos adquieren, necesariamente se desarrolla cuando se interactúa con las personas a las que se cuida; la interacción requiere preparación, sensibilidad y pensamiento crítico, para descubrir y captar las distintas significaciones que las personas dan a sus vidas y sus propios cuidados. Reflexión final: La investigación se configura en una puerta de entrada que permite percibir esas perspectivas y también en un puente que aproxima al profesional de enfermería a la cotidianidad de las personas para aprender de ellas. Introduction: Understanding care from Leininger’s perspective implies learning about people’s living ways, their environments, their feelings, their worries, their beliefs, their practices as well as their values in different events, such as motherhood, fatherhood, birth, adolescence, adultness, elderliness, diseases and death, with the main objective of offering a care agreeable and compatible to their culture. Research and practice in transcultural nursing: This learning related to the care that persons have by themselves, necessarily indicates or suggests an interaction with them. However, an interaction requires preparation, sensitiveness and a critical thought in order to discover and to grasp all of the different meanings that people give to their lives and their own care. Reflection: This investigation has been configured as an entry door to get those points of view and as a bridge to approximate the professional nursing towards quotidian people’s lives in order to obtain knowledge from them.
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    Tratamento da pessoa com transtorno mental em face da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira : percepções dos familiares
    (2011-10-25) Jasnievski, Clarissa Regina; Paes, Marcio Roberto; Noeremberg Guimarães, Andréa; Brusamarello, Tatiana; Alves Maftum, Mariluci
    Objetivo: Apreender as percepções de familiares de pessoas com transtorno mental quanto ao tratamento em face da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, desenvolvida em 2010 em um hospital psiquiátrico do Estado do Paraná/ Brasil. Os sujeitos foram 10 familiares de portadores de transtorno mental em tratamento. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados pela técnica de análise temático-categorial. Resultados: Da análise, emergiram três categorias: Tratamento do portador de transtorno mental face à Reforma Psiquiátrica; Serviços de saúde mental extra-hospitalares; Sobrecarga física e emocional do familiar. Discussão: As famílias percebem que existe uma nova forma de tratar o portador de transtorno mental baseado na sua reinserção social com a participação da equipe multiprofissional. Conclusão: Há necessidade de maior apoio às famílias de pessoas com transtorno mental, mediada pelas políticas públicas brasileiras. Objective: To apprehend family members’ perceptions on treatment of mental patients in the presence of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. Methodology: Qualitative exploratory research carried out in 2010 at a psychiatric hospital in Paraná State/Brazil. Ten family members of mental patients were the subjects. Data were collected by means of a semistructured interview and analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: From the analysis, three categories emerged: Treatment of mental patients in the presence of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform; Outpatient Mental Health Services; Family members’ physical and emotional distress. Discussion: The families perceived a new way of treating mental patients based on social reinsertion with the participation of a multiprofessional team. Conclusion: More support is deemed necessary on the part of mental patients’ families mediated by Brazilian public policies.