Examinando por Materia "Trichogrammatidae"

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    Distribution and natural enemies of avocado lace bug Pseudacysta perseae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Nayarit, Mexico.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2019-08-30) Cambero Ayón, Carlos Bryan; Rodríguez Palomera, Marcia; Robles Bermúdez, Agustín; Coronado Blanco, Juana María; Rios Velasco, Claudio; Cambero Campos, Octavio Jhonathan; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of the lace bug Pseudacysta perseae and to identify their natural enemies in avocado orchards in the state of Nayarit, Mexico; weekly sampling was conducted on 30 commercial orchards with Hass, Hall and Choquette avocado cultivars in the municipalities of Xalisco, Tepic and San Blas, from January to July 2016. The specimens collected were transferred to the Laboratory of Agricultural Parasitology of the Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit - UAN, and subsequently were individually separated to obtain parasitoids, predators and entomopathogenic fungi. Out of a total of 30 sampled areas, only P. perseae was recorded in 20 of the orchards, with an average infestation level of 434 eggs, 107 nymphs and 23 adults per site. A total of 175 natural enemy specimens were identified, of which 61 were parasitoids belonging to Trichogrammatidae family, 58 adults of P. perseae with symptomatology of fungal infection, identified morphological and molecularly as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, with incidences of 3.0 % and 9.4 %, respectively. In addition, 56 predators were caught belonging to the species Cycloneda sanguinea, Stethorus sp. and Pentilia sp.
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    Thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) lines in Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Ramos Coutinho, Cristiane; Araújo de Souza, Suyanne; Dos Santos Pontes, Antônia Débora; Sekiguchi de Godoy, Mauricio; Fagundes Pereira, Fabricio; Pastori, Patrik Luiz; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    This study aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature on the development of two lines of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), to determine the thermal requirements of this parasitoid wasp on Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs. The experiment was carried out with two lines (“Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, Ceará State) of T. pretiosum collected naturally parasitizing eggs of N. elegantalis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. In this experiment, 40 eggs of the host N. elegantalis and 4 females of the parasitoids were used, with exposure to parasitism for 24 hours at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and 12-h photophase. At the end of this period, females were removed and the tubes were transferred to incubators (RH = 70 ± 10 %; 12-h photophase), exposed to 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 °C, until emergence of the following generation of the parasitoids. The percentage of emergence, sex ratio, the number of parasitoids that emerged per egg, and cycle duration were assessed. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments (temperatures) and 12 replicates. ANOVA was conducted and the means were compared by Tukey test (P < 0.05). The base temperatures were 10.77 °C and 10.86 °C and the number of generations per year were 33.29 and 35.63 for “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, respectively. The study showed that temperature changed the biological parameters, and cycle duration of the “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba” lines decreased as temperature increased.
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    Toxicological and behavioral impacts of atrazine on Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) in choice tests.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Demolin Leite, Germano Leão; Rodrigues Bispo, Edilson Paulo; Costa Alvarenga, Anarelly; Paulo, Paula Daiana de; Alvarenga Soares, Marcus; Lemes, Pedro Guilherme; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Weeds should be controlled with low impact methods and selective agrochemicals that have little or no effect on non-target organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the herbicide atrazine (triazine class) on 10 Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) species. A female of 10 species of these natural enemies was individually placed in a glass test tube (free-choice test) with two paper cards containing 45 Anagasta (Ephestia) kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs (treatment and control), with 10 replications. The cards were sprayed with the herbicide atrazine at 8.07 L/ha; the control was sprayed with distilled water. Parasitism by these natural enemies was allowed for 48 h. Atrazine changes the behavior of female parasitoids, reducing the parasitism (≈ 71 %) and emergence (≈ 74 %) rates and sex ratio (≈ 74 %) of the Trichogrammatidae species, except for Trichogramma galloi and T. bennetti. No females emerged from eggs parasitized by T. acacioi, Trichogrammatoidea annulata, T. atopovirilia, T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, and T. soaresi with atrazine. The results revealed that atrazine herbicide is harmless to T. bennetti and T. galloi, but it was moderately harmful (80 – 99 % reduction) to the other Trichogrammatidae species based on the parasitism and emergence rates.