Coberturas de vacunación en el Valle del Cauca, 2002
Cruz, Luis Fernando | 2014-01-15
Para determinar las coberturas del Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (PAI) en niños
con edades entre los 12 y 23 meses, residentes en los municipios más grandes del
Departamento del Valle, se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados en Buenaventura,
Palmira, Buga, Tuluá y Cartago. Se realizaron 754 encuestas con una cobertura de 72%
para los cinco municipios. En 97.2% de los hogares se encontró el carné de vacunación
actualizado; 51.5% de los niños encuestados no tenían afiliación al Sistema General de
Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS) al momento de la encuesta, 40.5% estaban afiliados
al régimen contributivo y sólo 61 (8.1%) niños estaban afiliados al régimen subsidiado.
Para cada uno de los biológicos las coberturas en los municipios estudiados fueron
superiores a 95% en BCG, con excepción de Buenaventura (87.6%) y 90% para polio, con
Buenaventura nuevamente con 78%. Para DPT las coberturas también fueron superiores
a 90% menos en Buenaventura con 77.5%. En hepatitis B y triple viral las coberturas
llegaron a 80% con la excepción de Buenaventura (triple viral 68.5%). Para Haemophilus
influenzae tipo B (HIB) las coberturas llegan a 70% en Palmira, Buga y Tuluá, pero
Cartago (58.4%) y Buenaventura (52.4%) quedan muy por debajo. Tenían esquema
completo 67.5% de los niños de Buga, 63% los de Palmira, 61.2% los de Tuluá, 51.2% los
de Cartago y sólo 44.3% de los de Buenaventura. Las variables asociadas con tener el
esquema de vacunación completo, fueron la afiliación a la seguridad social y la escolaridad
de la madre. Mientras que el sector público obtiene coberturas completas de 60%
(119/196) entre los 196 afiliados al SGSSS que vacuna, su cobertura con esquema
completo entre los 531 niños no afiliados al sistema que vacuna es de 27% (143/531). A community based survey of the
vaccination status of children aged 12-
23 months was conducted to evaluate
the coverage of the Expanded
Programme on Immunization (EPI) in
the Departamento del Valle, Colombia.
A simplified cluster sampling method,
involving the random selection of 210
children in 30 clusters of 7 children
each was adapted in Buenaventura,
Palmira, Buga, Tuluá y Cartago. Of the
1050 children expected in the sample,
754 (72%) were located and their
mothers were interviewed. The
vaccination card was assessed in 97.2
% of the children. At the time of the
survey interview, 67.5% of the children
were fully vaccinated in Buga, 63% in
Palmira, 61.2% in Tuluá, 51.2% in
Cartago and 44.3% in Buenaventura.
The main factors associated to be fully
vaccinated were the number of years of
schooling of the mothers and their
affiliation to the Social Security System.
51.5% of the children were uncovered
by the Social Security System, 40.5%
were fully affiliated (Paid Plan), and
8.1% had partial protection (Subsidized
Plan). BCG coverage was over 95% in
four municipalities, but Buenaventura
had only 87.6% coverage. The coverage
with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)
coverage was also over 90% but in
Buenaventura it was only 78%. For
diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) the
situation was similar, with coverage
over 90%, but only 77.5 in Buenaventura.
In the case of hepatitis B all the
municipalities were over 80% coverage,
but in the case of measles-mumpsrubella
(MMR) four were over 80%,
and Buenaventura only had 68,5% of
their children vaccinated. For
Hemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) 70% of the children in Palmira, Buga
and Tuluá were vaccinated, while in
Cartago (58.4%), and Buenaventura
(52.4%) the coverage was very low.
The Public Health System, in charge of
the children without Social Security,
vaccinates 196 children affiliated to the
Social Security System with 119 of
them (60%) fully vaccinated, whereas
among the 531 children uncovered by
the Social Security and under its
responsibility, only 143 of them (27%)
were fully vaccinated.
LEER
