Factores asociados con el consumo diario de cigarrillo en adultos entre 60 y 65 años: un estudio transversal

Abstract

Antecedentes: El consumo de cigarrillo disminuye en forma gradual con la edad. Sin embargo, un número significativo de personas mayores de 60 años continúa este consumo. Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia y los factores asociados con el consumo diario de cigarrillo en adultos entre 60 y 65 años de la población general de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Método: Se diseñó un estudio transversal con adultos entre 60 y 65 años. Se investigaron las características sociodemográficas, la presencia de enfermedades médicas, el consumo de café, el consumo abusivo de alcohol, la existencia de trastornos mentales comunes (trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos), características de personalidad (DSM-IV) y consumo diario de cigarrillo durante el último mes. Los factores de confusión se controlaron mediante regresión logística no condicional. Resultados: Participaron 208 personas con edad promedio de 62.9 años (DE, 2.0) y escolaridad promedio de 6.1 años (DE, 3.7). De ellas, 67.3% eran mujeres; 68.3% estaban casados; 45.2% tenían empleo; 77.4% residían en estrato medio; 40.9% sufrían una enfermedad médica; 40.9% consumieron café durante el último mes; 1.4% informaron consumo abusivo de alcohol; 12% presentaban un trastorno mental común; 30.8% refirieron características de personalidad del grupo A; 37.5%, del grupo B; y 53.8% del grupo C. La prevalencia de consumo diario de cigarrillo fue 6.3% (IC 95% 3.0-9.6). Este consumo se asociaba con tomar diariamente café (OR, 13.9; p 0.021), luego de controlar por sexo y consumo abusivo de alcohol. Conclusiones: El consumo de cigarrillo se presenta en una de cada dieciséis personas entre 60 y 65 años y se asocia con otros consumos de riesgo para la salud. Background: Cigarette smoking decreases gradually with aging. However, an important number of people older than 60 years continue smoking. Objective: To know the prevalence and associated factors with daily cigarette smoking among adults aged between 60- and 65-years old from the general population of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 60- and -65 years old adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, medical condition, coffee intake, abusive alcohol consumption, common mental disorders, personality features (DSM-IV), and daily cigarette smoking within the last month were evaluated. Confounding factors were controlled with non-conditional logistical regression. Results: A group of 208 people were interviewed. The mean age was 62.9 years (SD, 2.0); the mean education was 6.1 years (SD, 3.7); 67.3% of them were women; 68.3% were married; 45.2% had an employ; 77.4% lived in middle class neighborhood; 40.9% suffered from a medical condition; 40.9% drunk coffee within the last month; and 12% reported a common mental disorder. A ratio of 30.8% reported cluster A personality features; 37.5%, cluster B; and 53.8%, cluster C. The prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 6.3% (95% CI 3.0-9.6), and it was associated with daily coffee drinking (OR 13.9); after controlling for sex and abusive alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is present in one out of sixteen people aged 60-65 years-old, and it is related to other riskhealth behaviors.