Examinando por Autor "Gómez Chamorro, Jairo Eduardo"

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    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Desindustrialización y concentración industrial: un análisis agregado para la industria manufacturera colombiana 1974-2010
    (2014-10-03) Gómez Chamorro, Jairo Eduardo
    Algunos estudios sobre la Desaceleración y la Desindustrialización en Colombia dan cuenta de problemas estructurales asociados con el cambio del modelo económico relacionado con la apertura económica y la autonomía tecnológica; desequilibrios macroeconómicos de corto plazo asociados con las variaciones en la tasa de cambio, balanza comercial, precios de los commodities y factores político-institucionales como el narcotráfico. Otros análisis a nivel histórico y descriptivo dan cuenta de un proceso vinculado con el alto grado de concentración de la industria manufacturera, flujos elevados de inversión extranjera directa y pocos encadenamientos productivos en la industria nacional. Éste documento somete a prueba la hipótesis de que la concentración en la industria manufacturera ha incidido sobre el grado de desindustrialización que viene atravesando el país desde mediados de los 70’s. Los resultados permiten verificar tal hipótesis por lo que toda política de fomento industrial debe venir acompañada de políticas de competencia.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Modelling Technology Adoption in a Social Interactions Framework : Evidence on Improved Cassava Varieties in Colombia.
    (2017-12-15) Gómez Chamorro, Jairo Eduardo; Carranza Romero, Juan Esteban
    This study analyzes the impact of social interactions on the adoption of a new technology. Based on the basic model of social interactions with non-cooperative choices, we provideempirical evidence of spillovers or neighborhood effects on the individual probability ofadoption of improved cassava varieties in the State of Cauca, Colombia. We use a sample ofsocio-economic characteristics at the household level and a set of covariates at the municipallevel for cassava small-holder farmers to test peer effects on individual choices. We implementa machine learning clustering algorithm that allows us to measure the information channeland the degree of interaction between adopters and non-adopters by using the household’sgeographical coordinates to calculate physical distance using the Global Position System(GPS). The regression results show that the average village adoption rate has a significanteffect on the household’s decision to use modern, improved varieties of cassava seeds. Theresults also suggest that, as the minimum distance in kilometers by road from the non-adopterto an adopter increases, the probability of adoption decreases. Our results are robust to theso-called correlated non-observables identification problem widely recognized in literatureon social interactions models. Finally, this work leads to highlight the role of simultaneity orreflection problem also widely identified in theory. The empirical evidence does not supportthe presence of simultaneity. However, the future analysis requires detailed information atagent’s network level. We also provide suggestive evidence of potential learning effects byconditioning on adopters who are technologies specific-users such as weed control, fertilizers,etc. This is in accord with stylized facts that highlight the importance of knowing moreabout techniques in the process of adoption. The results show no difference in the estimatedcoefficients between the neighborhood effects and the suggestive evidence of learning. Future research needs to build better identification mechanism as part of the analysis onsocial networks, diffusion and learning. This study represents a first step for understandingthe role of peer effects on the improvement of living conditions for rural population viatechnological enhancements.