Examinando por Materia "Constructed wetlands"

Mostrando 1 - 2 de 2
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Fitorremediación en aguas y suelos contaminados con Hidrocarburos del Petróleo.
    (2015-05-06) Cubillos, Janneth; Pulgarín, Pilar; Gutiérrez, Johnatan; Paredes, Diego
    Durante décadas, la producción, transporte, almacenamiento y comercialización de hidrocarburos del petróleo y sus derivados, han dado origen a una problemática ambiental debida a los grandes vertimientos de combustibles que se generan. El potencial contaminante y la compleja composición de los hidrocarburos, además de su facilidad de movilización en el medio y acumulación en el agua o suelo, ha incrementado el interés científico para encontrar soluciones que reduzcan el efecto de estos compuestos en los ecosistemas. Ante esta situación, se ha evaluado la fitorremediación como una solución que por su costo-efectividad y aporte paisajístico pueden ser usados para biorremediar aguas y suelos mezclados con combustibles, minimizando el riesgo de contaminación. El presente artículo de revisión resume los principios relacionados con la fitorremediación de suelos y aguas contaminadas con hidrocarburos como una alternativa ecotecnológica que puede ser aplicada mediante la interacción de microorganismos, plantas y procesos físicos, químicos y biológicos que ocurren en los sistemas naturales como los humedales. También se discuten algunas experiencias en la temática, los factores que inciden y los mecanismos que dominan la remoción de estos compuestos orgánicos. Abstract The production, transport, storage, and commercialization of petroleum hydrocarbons with their derivatives have become an environmental problem as a result of the large fuel spills frequently generated over the years. The contaminating potential and the complex composition of hydrocarbons and its derivates,on top of their easiness of mobilization in the environment and their accumulation in water and soils, have increase the scientific interest in orderto find a solution to reduce their effect on the ecosystems. Therefore, researchers worldwide have focused on evaluating phytoremediation as a solution in view of its cost-effectiveness and landscaping contribution because it can be used to bioremediatewater and soils mixed with fuels, minimizing the risk of pollution. This review article summarizes the principles related to phytoremediation of soils and water contaminated with hydrocarbons as an ecotechnological alternative that can be applied through the interactions between microorganism, plants and physical, chemical and biological processes that occur in natural systems like the wetlands. This paper also discusses some experiences about the subject, factors related and removal mechanisms that command the removal of the organic compounds.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Greenhouse gas emissions from a pilot-scale small decentralized sewage treatment: anaerobic filter + constructed wetland
    (Universidad del Valle, 2016-07-08) Silva, Juan P.
    (Eng) Greenhouse gases such as CH4, CO2 and N2O were measured in a Small-Decentralized Sewage Treatment (SDST). The system consisted of an up-flow anaerobic filter (UAF) and two constructed wetlands (CWs) operating in parallel. The constructed wetlands were planted with Heliconia sp L. (HCW) y C. papyrus. (PCW). The results showed that GHG average (daytime and nighttime) emissions from UAF (1.8 - 8.9 g.m-2.d-1 CO2; 8.3 y 45 g.m-2.d-1 CH4) were higher than measured in HCW (-5.1 y 5.5 gCO2.m-2.d-1; 10 y 556 mgCH4.m-2.d-1; -4 and 40 mgN2O.m- 2.d-1) and PCW (-0.85 to 6.5 gCO2.m-2.d-1; 2.3 and 1590 mgCH4.m-2.d-1; -7 y 12 mgN2O.m-2.d-1). A statistical test showed that there were not significant differences between GHG flux (daytime-nigh-time) measured in HCW and PCW (p<0.05). Further, the variations on GHG could be explained by water temperature, photoperiod, NH4+ and dissolved oxygen mainly. High temperature stimulates GHG production. Photoperiod in CWS increased CO2 and CH4 sequestration. Further, the presence of dissolved oxygen and NH4+ influenced N2O production. Overall, in this study was determined that SDST act like a net source of GHG emitting 0.7 kg CO2eq. Kg CODrem..