Examinando por Materia "Diptera"

Mostrando 1 - 7 de 7
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    Detection of malathion in dipterous larvae of forensic importance in northeast Mexico.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2020-07-09) Estrada Camacho, Israel; Hernández Mendoza, José Luis; Torres Ortega, Jorge; Quiroz Velázquez, Jesús Di Carlo; Villarreal Sotelo, Karla; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Acute pesticide poisoning is a global public health problem. In developing countries pesticides cause up to one million cases of poisoning and up to 20,000 deaths annually. In Mexico, it has been reported that due to intoxications by xenobiotics, among them pesticides, 1,400 people die annually. In the present work a method was optimized to detect and quantify malathion in third instar fly larvae (Diptera) that hatched in pork meat, Sus scrofa domesticus, treated with the lethal dose in humans of malathion (60 g/60 kg). A biomass of 1.5 g which was added 1.2 mL of phase, stirred by space 5 min and centrifuged for 10 min at 10.000 rpm. The supernatant was analyzed by HPLC, using a methanol-water phase (70/30). The retention time of malathion was 4.1 min. The detection limit was calculated at 0.301 ppm. The technique and procedure used will serve as an indirect tool to identify the presence of the toxin in a relatively simple way in court cases
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Differences in optical properties of males and females pupae of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae).
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Mundstock Jahnke, Simone; Gebbers, Robin; Capella Zanott, Daniel; Intreβ, Joachim; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    One alternative to pesticide-based control of important fruit fly (Tephritidae) species is the sterile insect technique (SIT). SIT is based on mass releases of sterile males (subjected to radiation) to control a given pest population. For several important species such as Rhagoletis pomonella, Bractocera oleae and Anastrepha fraterculus, a technical challenge is to differentiate males from females in the pupal stage. Although for some species sterile females are released in the field, it is not desirable to release females from Anastrepha spp. as puncture damage may occur. Therefore, we investigated hyperspectral and RGB imaging to classify the sex in A. fraterculus pupae. We aimed to discriminate, through the description of RGB spectra and hyperespectral profiles, males and females in different stages of pupal development. Images of pupae of different degree-day (DD) development times were obtained. The hyperspectral profiles pupae of 288, 345 and 403 DD showed differences, indicating that pupal hue is altered throughout the development. In the NIR spectrum (800 to 1,700 nm), a higher reflectance between 1,100 and 1,400 nm was observed. In these bands differences in the spatial standard deviation of reflectance between males and females occur. As for the RGB images we observed differences in radiometric variation angle from the top to the basal part of the pupae. For females the radiometric variation angle was greater (26°) than for the males (15°). Thus, it is possible to determine discriminatory characteristics using the spectral profiles, imaging techniques and data analysis to discriminate the sexes.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Fóridos asociados a nidos de Atta cephalotes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en bosque y plantación.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2016-06-30) Uribe, Soraya; Brown, Brian V.; Correa, Guillermo; Ortiz, Adriana; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    La parte externa de los nidos de Atta cephalotes está conformada por tres áreas (bocas, trillas y áreas de forrajeo), en las cuales se desarrollan varias de las actividades ejecutadas por las hormigas, tales como corte y transportede hojas, comunicación entre compañeras y defensa del nido. Estas áreas no solo son ricas por las interacciones entre las hormigas, sino porque allí se acumula material vegetal y desperdicios del nido que son explotados por dípteros de la familia Phoridae. El presente trabajo explora la distribución de los fóridos en las diferentes áreas del nido, en dos periodos diferentes (día y noche). Se utilizaron trampas con dos tipos de cebos, buscando explotar aspectos comunes de la biología y el comportamiento de los fóridos, tales como su atracción por las hormigas vivas y basureros, uso de señales visuales y olfativas, así como el comportamiento de posarse sobre una percha. Se seleccionaron nidos en áreas con ambientes diferentes: un monocultivo de cítricos y un remanente de bosque, para evaluar si las características de cada ambiente pueden influir en la presencia de fóridos. Se colectó un parasitoide de la especie Eibesfeldtphora attae, así como 13 géneros adicionales, asociados con A. cephalotes, siendo los de hábito saprófago los predominantes. En el remanente de bosque se identificaron especímenes de 12 géneros, siendo Megaselia, Coniceromyia y Synclinusa los más frecuentes. En la plantación de cítricos se identificaron 9 géneros, siendo Dohrniphora y Megaselia los más representativos. Usando análisis de similaridades (Anosim), se encontraron diferencias significativas (P = 0,002) entre el remanente de bosque y el cultivo, pero no se detectaron efectos significativos en la composición entre áreas del nido (P = 0,206), entre cebos ( P = 0,656), ni entre periodos (P = 0,603).
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Morphophysiological aspects of the digestive tract in IV stage larvae of Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae).
    (Universidad del Valle, 2019-12-31) Marín Cruz, Victor Hugo; Rodríguez Navarro, Silvia; Barranco Florido, Juan Esteban; Terrón Sierra, Roberto Alejandro; Cibrián Tovar, David; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    The morphological, cytological and physiological aspects of the digestive tract of the siarid Bradysia impatiens fourth-instar larvae were studied using bright-field microscopy. The division of the digestive tract into the stomodeum (foregut), the mesenteron (midgut) and the proctodeum (hindgut) was observed; the second of which being composed of endocrine, regenerative, column-shaped cells. The larvae did not present a crop; hence digestion of the bolus occurs in the midgut. They have two well-developed gastric caeca, where it can be assumed that great nutrient absorption takes place. The peritrophic membrane is type II, with a pore size that allows the passage of molecules up to 150 kDa, and which divides the midgut into two regions: the endoperitrophic and ectoperitrophic spaces. There are four Malpighian tubules present. The midgut has a pH gradient ranging from mildly alkaline in the foregut to neutral in the caeca and hindgut. It has a recirculation mechanism stretching from the endoperitrophic to the ectoperitrophic space and vice versa, which improves digestion and optimizes enzyme production. The morphophysiological features observed in B. impatiens larvae confirm that these organisms are well-adapted detritivores. Additionally, the peritrophic membrane protects the midgut from pathogenic agents.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Una nueva especie de Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae) de Colombia.
    (2013-07-04) Carrejo, Nancy
    Se describe una nueva especie del género Anastrepha Schiner, obtenida de frutos de Bellusia sp en tres localidades del departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia: por primera vez se registra una Melastomataceae como hospedero de Anastrepha.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Response of aphid predators to synthetic herbivore induced plant volatiles in an apple orchard.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2019-12-31) Sema Gencer, Nimet; Alper Kumral, Nabi; Altin, Irem; Pehlevan, Bilgi; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    The indirect defence compounds termed herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which are used to attract beneficial fauna, are one of the most effective biological control tools for the aggregation of natural enemies of key pests. The aim of this study was to test the attraction of three aphid predators of the Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae and Syrphidae families using synthetic formulations of four main HIPVs [methyl salicylate (MeSa), benzaldehyde (B), linalool (L) and farnesene (F)] alone and in binary combinations (MeSa + B; MeSa + F; MeSa + L; F + B; B + L; F + L) in an apple orchard in the Bursa province of Turkey. This study was the first demonstration of the attraction of these aphid predators to single and binary combinations of synthetic HIPVs in an apple orchard. A larger number of coccinellids were captured using single treatments of both B and F than with other HIPV combinations. Furthermore, the chrysopid individuals studied were significantly attracted to traps baited with single HIPVs. In addition, the binary combination of MeSa + L significantly attracted more Syrphids than in both single treatments and control traps. Thus, some of the HIPV’s tested were found to have potential value for the congregation of aphid predators in apple orchards
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Sobre a coleção de anophelinos brasileiros do Museu Nacional.
    (2013-07-08) Khouri, Adréa
    O objetivo primordial deste trabalho é reforçar a importância entomo-epidemiológica das espécies de Anopheles do Brasil, onde alguns de seus componentes são vetores de viroses e parasitoses de real importância médico-veterinária-sócio-sanitária. Por esta razão, cremos que a coleção que estamos reorganizando preencherá, certamente a grande lacuna de padrões específicos ora existentes, já que os espécimens colecionados serão classificados, não só por métodos e tecnologia por nós empregados, como também, através da cooperação de especialistas de outras Instituições Científicas Nacionais e Internacionais. A nossa coleção até o presente momento consta do seguinte material por nós examinados e devidamente catalogados, sendo que a informação sobre as localidades fixadas nos espécimens, estão restritas aos Estados que se encontram representados apenas pelas siglas, sem data e coletor, em etiquetas de cor branca e manuscritas.