Examinando por Materia "Fitófagos"

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    Diversidad de los chinches terrestres de la Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia).
    (2011-10-06) Rengifo Correa, Laura Alexandra
    Para conocer la diversidad de chinches (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) en el campus Meléndez de la Universidad del Valle (zona de vida de bosque seco tropical), se realizaron siete muestreos entre 2004-2005 abarcando áreas abiertas y con cobertura vegetal. Se usaron trampas Malaise (TM), barrido con jama (J), y agitación de follaje (AF) complementada con colecta manual en tallos (CT) para vegetación arbustiva. Se colectaron 264 ejemplares adultos, distribuidos en 63 morfoespecies y 14 familias, destacándose Miridae (20 morfoespecies), Pentatomidae (16) y Reduviidae (11) que en conjunto sumaron 75% de la riqueza total. Las familias más raras fueron Anthocoridae, Aradidae y Scutelleridae, con un único espécimen colectado. La riqueza estimada promedio fue de 110.4 ± 14.7 especies indicando un nivel de inventario del 59.4%. Las familias más abundantes fueron las mismas que mostraron mayor riqueza, y se adiciona Rhyparochromidae con el 23.1% de la abundancia total representada en dos especies. El número de morfoespecies colectadas con jama (36) y AF-CT (33) fue similar aportando un 57.1% y 52.3%, respectivamente, mientras que la trampa Malaise capturó el 17.5%. En cuanto a identidad de las especies, los métodos de colecta compartieron solamente el 13.4% en promedio, sugiriendo que su uso simultáneo provee mejor información de la heterópterofauna local. La riqueza de chinches fitófagos (19 especies) y omnívoros (20) fue alta en comparación con la de predadores de semillas (seis) y micetófagos (uno). Especies de árboles como Psidium guajaba, Guazuma ulmifolia y Pithecelobium dulce fueron los principales hospederos.
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    Diversity of trips (Insecta: Thysanoptera: Thripidae) associated with gladiolus in Mexico.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2020-07-09) Quiñones Valdez, Rosalba; Sánchez Pale, Jesús Ricardo; Castañeda Vildozola, Álvaro; Mejorada Gómez, Elizabeth; Johansen Naime, Roberto; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Gladiolus is a cut flower with the highest year-round demand in Mexico, generating strong economic and social activity. Thrips are the pest that most affects gladiolus and require the most control, but which species cause damage are still unknown. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of thrip species associated with gladiolus cultivation in two production regions of Mexico State. Two plots were established: one in Ixtlahuaca, in the northern part of the state, characterized by less intensive management, and one in Villa Guerrero, in the southeastern part of the state, characterized by intensive management and considered the main production region for ornamentals. Thrips were captured from 100 floral spikes per plot at the end of the cultivation cycle. Results showed the presence of two genera and five species of phytophagous thrips, as well as one predatory thrip genus, in the northern region, while in the southeast region the same two genera were represented but with 12 species, one of which is new for Mexico. Thrips simplex was the most abundant species in both plots evaluated.
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    Mites associated with blackberry (Rubus sp. cv. Tupy) in two areas of Michoacan, México.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2019-12-31) Ayala Ortega, José de Jesús; Martínez Castillo, Ana Mabel; Pineda Guillermo, Samuel; Figueroa de la Rosa, José Isaac; Acuña Soto, Jesús; Ramos Lima, Mayra; Vargas Sandoval, Margarita; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    Damage caused by phytophagous mites is one of the main phytosanitary problems on blackberry crop. The mite species identification is a very significant activity to implement a program of integrated pest management. The aim of this study was to identify the species of phytophagous mites, predators, and other mites associated with blackberry crop in two locations of Michoacan, Mexico. The research was performed in two blackberry orchards located at Ziracuaretiro and Tacambaro municipalities, which had different type of management: conventional and non-conventional, respectively. In each orchard, 18 samples were collected at 15 d-intervals during an annual cycle, from June 2015 to May 2016. The collected mites were mounted in permanent slide for their taxonomic determination with specific keys with specific keys. Seventeen mite species belonging to ten families were identified, which six were phytophagous species, six were predatory, and five had varied habits. Six of the 17 taxa identified are new records of mites associated with blackberry crop. Most of the mites were collected in the conventional crop (65.4 %), while the abundance of predator mites was highest in the no-conventional crop.
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    Population fluctuation and parasitism of Aleurothrixus floccosus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)in citrus trees from Atacama Desert, Chile.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2021-02-03) Tello Mercado, Víctor; Zarzar Maza, Miguel; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle; Montoya Lerma, James
    The effect of three different types of crop management on parasitism of Aleurothrixus floccosus in the Atacama Desert was studied. The studied parasitoids were: Cales noacki, Eretmocerus paulistus, Amitus spiniferus, and the hyperparasitoid Signiphora sp. The study was performed in Pica Oasis, located in the Atacama Desert, Tarapacá region, Chile, from February 2009 until February 2011. Three orchards were selected based on the type of plantation: the Bajo Miraflores Sector with plantation frames (5 x 5 m) and pruning management; the San Lorenzo Sector without plantation frames or pruning management; and Miraflores Sector that represents a mixed system between both of them. Two sampling procedures were applied. One was of the absolute type, in which 36 leaves per tree were collected from four labeled trees that were sampled twice a month, and the other was collected through yellow sticky chrome-attracting traps set in the central part of each of the labeled trees used for absolute sampling. The results indicate that in the Oasis of Pica, the different stages of A. floccosus are distributed throughout the year; with all stages represented during every month. The three sampled sectors exhibited different population levels of A. floccosus. The hyperparasitoid Signophora sp. presented the highest population density. The average parasitism percentage of A. floccosus in Pica was lower than 15 %.