Examinando por Materia "Natural enemies"

Mostrando 1 - 3 de 3
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Diagnostic of Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) and its parasitoids in the department of Antioquia, Colombia.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2016-06-30) David Rueda, Gonzalo; Constantino C., Luis Miguel; Montoya, Esther Cecilia; Ortega M., Oscar E.; Gil, Zulma Nancy; Benavides Machado, Pablo; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    Coffee Leaf Miner, Leucoptera coffeella is one of the main insect coffee pests in the Neotropics, causing yield decreases up to 80%, in countries such as Brazil. In Colombia, this insect pest has been poorly studied, since the damage it causes has been sporadic. This exploratory investigation was carried out in order to diagnose the damage caused by the coffee leaf miner and its parasitoids in the department of Antioquia. Pest infestation levels were evaluated as to incidences of natural parasitism, identifying the species of the parasitoids, through a bietapic sampling performed in more than 1,100 coffee crops between the ages of 2 and 5 years. Sixty (60) coffee trees per crop were evaluated four times through systematic sampling between 2013 and 2014. The results indicated an average of leaf miner infestation level under 2%, and parasitism levels between 58 and 89 %. In total, 787 parasitoid individuals emerged, all belonged to the Order Hymenoptera, family Eulophidae, comprising two subfamilies: Eulophinae and Entodininae. Seven parasitoid species were identified: Closterocerus coffeellae, Closterocerus lividus, Zagrammosoma multilineatum, Pnigalio sarasolai, Horismenus sp., Horismenus n. sp., and Apleurotropis n. sp. These last two new species for Colombia, and perhaps for science. The most abundant natural enemy of coffee leaf miner was the species C. coffeellae. The management of this insect pest by means of a conservation biological control strategy is recommended.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Hymenoptera parasitoides en áreas protegidas del bioma bosque Atlántico y de arroz orgánico: ensamblajes comparados.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2016-12-30) Souza da Silva, Gisele de; Mundstock Jahnke, Simone; González Ferreira, María Leticia; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    Una manera de mejorar la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrícolas es generar características similares a las de los naturales manteniendo los flujos de energía y la diversidad de hábitat, lo que garantiza la presencia de enemigos naturales y otros organismos benéficos que pueden regular las poblaciones de plagas y mantener la productividad con menores impactos ambientales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos: identificar y comparar la diversidad de las comunidades de parasitoides en arroz irrigado orgánico y en un área de reserva cercana al cultivo, comparar la eficacia de dos tipos de trampas y la variación temporal de las especies de parasitoides en los dos sitios. El estudio se llevó acabo en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bañado Pacheco (RVSBP) y en los campos de arroz orgánico (AO), Viamão, RS. Se realizaron colectas mensuales de mayo de 2011 a abril de 2012 con dos trampas de Malaise y cuatro Moericke. En el área RVSBP, Platygastridae, Ichneumonidae y Braconidae se presentaron con la mayor abundancia (30 %, 21 % y 11 %, respectivamente) mientras que en AO fueron Platygastridae (26 %), Braconidae (18 %) y Encyrtidae (15 %). La trampa Malaise capturó el mayor número de parasitoides (58 %). Los estimadores de riqueza Chao 1, Jack 1 y “bootstrap” apuntaron a una riqueza de 229 a 122 especies en AO y de 454 a 260 en el área RVSBP. La diversidad de parasitoides fue mayor en el RVSBP en comparación a la del AO. La abundancia de parasitoides fue mayor en los meses durante el ciclo del cultivo del arroz.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Related factors to the Paraleyrodes sp. pos. bondari (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) population in avocado.
    (Universidad del Valle, 2016-12-30) Cruz Castiblanco, Ginna Natalia; Varón Devia, Edgar Herney; Quiroga Rojas, Luisa Fernanda; Monje Andrade, Buenaventura; Sierra Baquero, Paola Vanessa; Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología - Socolen; Universidad del Valle
    The severity of the damage caused by the avocado whitefly (Paraleyrodes sp. pos. bondari) and the difficulty to control it, has forced researchers and growers to find alternatives for its management. We investigated the life cycle of the avocado whitefly and the relation of environmental factors with the population of this insect and the presence of its natural enemies in avocado. Biweekly monitoring of ten avocado trees per cultivar (cvs. Hass, Lorena and Choquette) of the percentage of leaf area occupied by whitefly colonies in each of two commercial farms at Fresno (Tolima, Colombia) was conducted during nine months. The climatic variables: rainfall, temperature and relative humidity on each farm were measured on a daily basis. Finally, a quantification and identification of the beneficial fauna associated with the crop was carried out during seven months. The avocado whitefly had a total life cycle of 27.7 ± 0.19 days. Lorena had the highest presence of Paraleyrodes. An inverse correlation between percentage of whitefly incidence in all varieties and relative humidity was observed at La Chiripa farm. Encarsia sp., Eretmocerus sp., and Amitus sp. Were identified as the main potential natural enemies of Paraleyrodes sp. pos. bondari.