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    Perturbation solution of air-water mixture for jet noise reduction
    (Universidad del Valle, 2025) Uribe Cifuentes, Juan Felipe; Mankbadi, Reda; Jaramillo Pizarro, Guillermo Andrés
    The attenuation of jet-generated noise through multiphase flows offers a promising passive noise-mitigation strategy. Traditional studies on jet-noise suppression have primarily focused on modifying the structure of the jet plume through direct water/air injection. In contrast, this work quantifies the interaction of acoustic waves with an externally placed air–water curtain surrounding the jet, thereby assessing its ability to attenuate radiated noise without disturbing the jet itself. Two distinct curtain configurations are analyzed: (i) a gaseous medium (air) containing liquid water droplets and (ii) a liquid medium (water) containing air bubbles. For each configuration, two flow regimes are examined: (a) a suspended case, in which both phases exhibit negligible mean velocity, and (b) a dispersed case, in which the ambient velocity induces motion in the phases. The present study extends previous research by incorporating finite particle volume fractions and interphase velocity slip through a generalized perturbation framework derived directly from the volume-averaged multiphase equations. All cases are solved numerically, while an analytical solution is derived for the suspended-particle case. The results show that attenuation increases with particulate volume fraction and that an optimal droplet-to-nozzle diameter ratio exists for achieving maximum noise reduction. Comparisons with previous experimental data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations confirm that the perturbation approach accurately captures frequency-dependent absorption trends. In the dispersed regime, the analysis reveals that phase slip modifies the attenuation characteristics depending on the configuration. These findings demonstrate the potential of externally placed multiphase curtains as an effective passive method for jet-noise mitigation. The developed framework provides a foundation for optimizing curtain parameters and guides future experimental and computational studies aimed at practical implementation in aeroacoustic applications.