Resumen en español

Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia con el fin de rastrear cocaína en orina y caracterizar a las madres consumidoras de pasta básica de cocaína (bazuco) durante el embarazo y sus recién nacidos, donde se incluyeron dos grupos de madres, unas que aceptaron su consumo y otras madres que aceptaron consumo de otras sustancias y tenían complicaciones del embarazo. Se captaron 117 binomios madre-recién nacidos, 25 (21%) aceptaron consumo y 92 (79%) tenían complicaciones. Las primeras tuvieron menor escolaridad y control prenatal, más enfermedades de transmisión sexual y de consumo de cigarrillo y marihuana; 72% resultaron positivas en orina para cocaína contra 15% de las madres con complicaciones. La mitad de sus recién nacidos fueron prematuros y de bajo peso al nacer, 20% con desnutrición intrauterina y 12% con muy bajo peso al nacer. Además 60% resultaron positivos en orina para cocaína contra 16% de los recién nacidos hijos de madres con complicaciones. A menor nivel educativo y control prenatal, a mayor gravidez y paridad fue mayor significativamente el riesgo de tener en orina un resultado positivo para cocaína. Es urgente la implementación de políticas educativas y de salud pública que eleven el nivel de escolaridad de la mujer, aumenten la cobertura del programa de control prenatal a todas las mujeres embarazadas y prevengan el consumo de sustancias deletéreas durante el embarazo. A prevalence study was carried out to track cocaine in urine and characterize the cocaine (bazuco) consumer mother during their pregnancy and their newborn, in the Hospital Universitary in Cali, Colombia, where two groups of mothers were included, ones that accepted its consumption, and other ones who accepted using other substances and had complications of their pregnancy; 117 mother-newborn binomials were included, 25 (21%) accepted consumption and 92 (79%) had complications. The first one had a lower scholarship and prenatal control more sexual transmission diseases and higher cigarette and marihuana smoking rates; 72% resulted positive during a urine test for cocaine, against 15% of mothers having complications. Half of their babies were premature and low birth weight, 20% with intrauterine malnutrition and 12% had a very low birth weight. In addition 60% resulted positive on urine test for cocaine, against 16% of the babies from mothers that had complications. Low scholarship, absence of prenatal control, a higher gravidity and parity were associated with a major risk of having a positive result on urine test for cocaine. It is very urgent to apply educative and public health politics that rise scholarship on women, and make higher coverage on prenatal control over every woman who is pregnant, also preventing consumption of deleterious substances during pregnancy period.