Actividad física y etapas de cambio comportamental en Bogotá

Abstract

Objetivo: Determinar la distribución de etapas del cambio de comportamiento en la actividad física regular de residentes de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, en el año 2003. Métodos: Se estudió la prevalencia de intención o práctica regular de actividad física en residentes urbanos de los estratos I a IV en Bogotá, mayores de 18 y menores de 65 años, seleccionados probabilísticamente por conglomerados, estratos y tres etapas, encuestados domiciliarmente con consentimiento mediante formularios estructurados. Resultados: El porcentaje de respuesta fue 78% y se consideraron válidos 3,000 registros. Por no realizar actividad física regular ni contemplar hacerlo en los próximos seis meses 13% son precontempladores; 24% contempla hacerlo en el lapso de un semestre; 18% se preparaba para iniciarla en el próximo mes; 7% está en la etapa de acción por tener prácticas regulares en el último mes; 34% fueron clasificados como mantenedores y el restante 4% abandonó recientemente este tipo de actividad. Conclusiones. La distribución de etapas de cambio en la población adulta de los estratos I a IV de Bogotá son desfavorables tanto para riesgo cardiovascular como otros factores comportamentales negativos asociados con el estilo de vida urbano. Objective: To determine the distribution of the stages of change behavior in the regular physical activity of residents of Bogota D.C., Colombia, in 2003. Methods: The prevalence of intention or regular practice of physical activity in urban residents from I to IV socio-economical status were studied. The participants were older than 18 years old and younger than 65 years. The participants were selected through a probabilistic, three stage, stratified cluster sampling. They were interviewed with consent in their address using structured questionnaires. Results: The percentage of answer was of 78% and 3,000 records were considered valid; 13% were considered precontemplates because they didn’t practice regular physical activity and didn’t have the will to do it in the next six months; 24% had the will to do it in a within a semester; 18% were prepared to initiate it in the next month; 7% are in the action stage because of they have been practicing during the last month; 34% were classified as maintainers and the last 4% quit the activity recently. Conclusions: The distribution of the stages of change in the adult population from I to IV socioeconomical status of the Capital District of Colombia are unfavorable for cardiovascular risk and for other negative comportamental factors associated with the urban life style.